Underestimating the level of variation in thread friction and surface conditions can undermine the effectiveness of the applied torque and resulting preload and, in extreme cases, lead to joint failure. The solution is to always choose fasteners manufactured from premium stainless steel under high-quality production processes that have less surface roughness and variation in frictional behavior.
Read the full article at Industry Europe: https://industryeurope.com/sectors/construction-engineering/the-impact-of-friction-and-galling-on-bolt-preload-how-premi/